No thank you. LII U. Constitution Article III. Section 2. Section 3. The judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme Court and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.
The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. Article III establishes the federal court system. The first section creates the U.
The Supreme Court has final say on matters of federal law that come before it. The act set the number of justices on the Supreme Court originally only six, now nine and created thirteen district courts, along with a number of circuit courts to which Supreme Court justices and district court judges would travel.
Today, there are ninety-one district courts in the fifty states, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and twelve circuit courts of appeal. Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Supreme court of the United States shall consist of a chief justice and five associate justices, any four of whom shall be a quorum, and shall hold annually at the seat of government two sessions, the one commencing the first Monday of February, and the other the first Monday of August.
That the associate justices shall have precedence according to the date of their commissions, or when the commissions of two or more of them bear date on the same day, according to their respective ages. Article III establishes the federal court system. The first section creates the U. The Supreme Court has the final say on matters of federal law that come before it. This assures an independent judiciary.
The Supreme Court today has nine members, who are appointed by the President with the consent of a majority of the Senate. Congress has the power to create and organize the lower federal courts, which operate in every state. A case is filed and tried in the federal district courts or in some specialty courts, such as admiralty or bankruptcy courts. The trial courts look at the facts of the case and decide guilt or innocence, or which side is right in a dispute.
If the losing side appeals the outcome, the appellate courts determine whether the trial was fair and followed the rules, and whether the law was correctly applied. A case may be appealed as far as the Supreme Court, although the Supreme Court hears only a small number of cases. The complete independence of the courts of justice is peculiarly essential in a limited constitution. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.
Judicial power was dramatically demonstrated in when the U. Supreme Court stopped the President of the United States from seizing a vital defense industry to prevent a strike that could damage the national interest. President Harry S. The steel companies sued the government on the ground that the President lacked the authority to take over their industry.
Sawyer , when it concluded that the President could not seize the steel mills. By acting without congressional authority, Truman had violated the separation of powers, regardless of the emergency. The steel seizure case confirmed that judicial power extended even to war powers, and even during a war. Federal courts can hear disputes that may arise between states, between citizens of different states, and between states and the federal government.
In the case of Marbury v. Madison , the Supreme Court interpreted Articles III and IV as giving the federal courts the final say over the meaning of the Constitution and all federal laws, as well as the power to order state and federal officials to comply with its rulings. The federal courts can make decisions only on cases that are brought to them through the appeals process. Federal courts cannot create cases on their own—even if they believe that a law is unconstitutional.
A person adversely affected by the law must bring suit against the government in order for the courts to rule on the matter. Almost all federal cases start in the federal district court, where motions are decided and trials are held.
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