He is shown here in a seventeenth-century Dutch portrait. Relatively few English Catholics made the long trek across the Atlantic. The colony founded to be a refuge for Catholics held greater appeal for Protestant dissenters, such as Quakers and Puritans who disagreed with the Church of England.
The Calverts had imagined a Catholic colony but ended up with religious diversity. No Christians would be persecuted for their faith, and none could be forced to attend services of or pay tithes to any other denomination. The Act was truly ground breaking. For the first time in English law, all Christians were promised free exercise of religion. If the colonists had embraced the concept, Maryland would have become the first place in the English-speaking world where Catholics, Protestants, and Christians of all kinds could live together in peace.
Broadsides were large sheets of paper that were plastered onto walls to display advertisements, political proclamations, and other information. Under the authority of the English Parliament, Puritans seized control of Maryland. These new overseers, staunch Reformed Protestants, were not friendly toward Catholicism. They immediately repealed the Toleration Act and banned Catholics from openly worshiping.
But tensions between pro-Catholic Englishmen and Reformed Protestants continued. It also allowed simmering anti-Catholic sentiment in England and the North American colonies to boil over.
Religion and politics were a deadly mix in England and its colonies in the mid to late seventeenth century. The crests of the Penn family and of the Calvert family were put at the Mason—Dixon line to mark it. Later the Mason—Dixon line was used as a boundary between free and slave states under the Missouri Compromise of In , Maryland ceded land to form the District of Columbia.
Consequently, Marylanders fought on both sides and many families were divided. Maryland's Eastern Shore and Western Shore embrace the Chesapeake Bay, and the many estuaries and rivers create one of the longest waterfronts of any state. The Bay produces more seafood—oysters, crabs, clams, fin fish—than any comparable body of water.
Since the s, fish stocks have declined due to increased residential and commercial development in the area and the attendant amount of nutrients, sediment, and toxic substances polluting the water. In , President Barack Obama signed the Chesapeake Bay Restoration and Protection Executive Order that called on the federal government "to restore and protect the nation's largest estuary and its watershed.
The outcome resolved many issues which remained from the American War of Independence, but involved no boundary changes. The United States declared war in for several reasons, including trade restrictions brought about by Britain's continuing war with France, the impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy, British support of American Indian tribes against American expansion, outrage over insults to national honor after humiliations on the high seas, and possible American interest in annexing British North American territory part of modern-day Canada which had been denied to them in the settlement ending the American Revolutionary War.
During the War of the British conducted raids against cities along Chesapeake Bay, up to and including Havre de Grace. There were also two notable battles that occurred in the state.
The first was the Battle of Bladensburg, which occurred on August 24, just outside the national capital, Washington, D. The militiamen defending the city were routed and retreated in confusion through the streets of the city. They burned and looted major public buildings, forcing President James Madison to flee to Brookeville, Maryland. Battle of North Point Monument dedicated , ca.
Baltimore was not only a busy port, but the British thought it harbored many of the privateers who were despoiling British ships. Baltimore had been well fortified with excellent supplies and some 15, troops.
Maryland militia fought a determined delaying action at the Battle of North Point, during which a Maryland militia marksman shot and killed the British commander, general Robert Ross. The battle bought enough time for Baltimore's defenses to be strengthened. After advancing to the edge of American defenses, the British halted their advance and withdrew.
With the failure of the land advance, the sea battle became irrelevant and the British retreated. Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. Share Flipboard Email. Martin Kelly. History Expert. Martin Kelly, M. It was a proprietary colony of Cecil Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore. Like other settlements in the New World, the Maryland Colony was established as a religious refuge.
Although it was created as a haven for English Catholics, many of the original settlers were Protestants. In , Maryland passed the Maryland Toleration Act, the first law in the New World designed to encourage religious tolerance. Featured Video. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The tragedy led to the development of a series of laws and regulations that better protected the safety of He later served as Saudi ambassador to the United Nations and in Yugoslavia, despite an early declaration of neutrality, signs the Tripartite Pact, forming an alliance with Axis powers Germany, Italy and Japan.
A unified nation of Yugoslavia, an uneasy federation of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, was a response to the collapse of the Ottoman and Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. It was the fifth and final title of his career. Robinson is considered by many to be the greatest prizefighter in history.
No less an authority than heavyweight champion Muhammad
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