Abdominal nine divisions a and quadrant regions b : The abdomen is subdivided into four quadrants and nine areas. The abdominopelvic region can be divided into four quadrants. These quadrants are defined by the intersection of the sagittal plane with the umbilical plane the transverse plane through the navel.
Clinicians use these regions to determine the organs and tissues that may be causing pain or discomfort in that region. The right upper quadrant contains the right portion of the liver, the gallbladder, right kidney, a small portion of the stomach, the duodenum, the head of the pancreas, portions of the ascending and transverse colon, and parts of small intestine.
Pain in this region is associated with infection and inflammation in the gallbladder and liver or peptic ulcers in the stomach. The left upper quadrant is the location of the left portion of the liver, part of the stomach, the pancreas, left kidney, spleen, portions of the transverse and descending colon, and parts of the small intestine.
Pain in this region is associated with malrotation of the intestine and colon. In the right lower quadrant sits the cecum, appendix, part of the small intestines, the right half of the female reproductive system, and the right ureter.
Pain in this region is most commonly associated with appendicitis. The left lower quadrant houses the majority of the small intestine, some of the large intestine, the left half of the female reproductive system, and the left ureter. Pain in this region is generally associated with colitis inflammation of the large intestine as well as pelvic inflammatory disease and ovarian cysts in females.
The nine divisions of the abdominopelvic region are smaller than the four quadrants, allowing for a more detailed discussion. These divisions are marked by two parasagittal and two transverse planes centered around the navel.
Most organs are part of multiple regions, including the gallbladder, duodenum, stomach, kidneys, spleen, small intestine and colon. The perineum the area beneath the hypogastric region at the bottom of the pelvic cavity is sometimes considered to be a tenth division in this system. The right hypochondriac region contains the right portion of the liver, the gallbladder, the right kidney, and parts of the small intestine.
The left hypochondriac region contains part of the spleen, the left kidney, part of the stomach, the pancreas, and parts of the colon. The epigastric above stomach region contains the majority of the stomach, part of the liver, part of the pancreas, part of the duodenum, part of the spleen, and the adrenal glands. This region pushes out when the diaphragm contracts during breathing.
The right lumbar region consists of the gallbladder, the left kidney, part of the liver, and the ascending colon. The left lumbar region consists of the descending colon, the left kidney, and part of the spleen. The umbilical region contains the umbilicus navel , and many parts of the small intestine, such as part of the duodenum, the jejunum, and the illeum.
There are three anatomical regions in the midline of the abdomen. These include the epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric e. Each bilateral anatomical region has an associated right and left side. Adjacent to the epigastric region are the right and left hypochondriac regions; adjacent to the umbilical region are the right and left lumbar regions. On either side of the hypogastric region are the right and left iliac regions, which can also be referred to as the right and left inguinal regions.
The abdomen can also be divided into four quadrants, known as the right upper, the left upper, the right lower, and the left lower quadrants. Figure 2. The four quadrants of the abdomen include the right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper quadrant, and left lower quadrant.
The four quadrants of the abdominal wall are used for general clinical descriptions. The quadrants are defined by the transumbilical and medial planes. The transumbilical or horizontal plane passes through the umbilicus at the L4 level, and the vertical medial plane divides the body into the right and left halves. Figure 3. The abdomen is divided into four quadrants by the medial and transumbilical planes.
It is important to know the anatomical regions and quadrants of the abdomen to correlate the pain to the organs contained in each area. For example, pain within the epigastric region should guide you to think about the stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenum, and adrenal glands.
Pain in the suprapubic e. Figure 4. The epigastric region of the abdomen contains the stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenum, and adrenal glands.
The superior transverse plane is called the subcostal plane, and it is located just below the ribs. The intertubercular plane is the inferior transverse plane , and it intersects the tubercles of the pelvis, running just inferior to the navel.
Remember, a huge tip for studying anatomy is to learn common prefixes and suffixes, as they will help you over and over again!
That takes care of the left and right columns. Unlike the regions on the left and right side columns, these regions are named after their location relative to the stomach , not the bones.
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